Abstract Few studies have addressed the composition of fish assemblages of the freshwater Río de la Plata (RdlP) and have only been limited to species lists gathered over the last two centuries. As such inventories have never been reviewed or validated by fish sampling, the richness and structure of RdlP fish assemblage are poorly known. Hence, we conducted an exhaustive literature review and a fieldwork in six coastal points of Argentina to update the species composition and determine the hierarchical structure of the fish assemblage. From the 206 species registered in the literature, 48 were not confirmed, 13 were absent, five were taken as synonymized species, 29 were supported by literature and 107 were confirmed; one was an established exotic species, and three were a non-established exotic species. The findings reported here suggest that the fish assemblage currently comprises 141 species, including four new records. Analysis of fieldwork data in number and weight of fish captured resulted in an assemblage hierarchical structure of five dominant, 22 frequent, and 45 rare species; 16 dominant, 11 frequent, and 45 rare taxa, respectively. These results could be used as baseline to monitor, manage, and preserve neotropical fish species in their southern distribution boundary.

Resumen El conocimiento de los ensambles de peces del sector dulceacuícola del Río de la Plata (RdlP) es escaso y limitado a listas de especies de compilaciones realizadas en los últimos dos siglos. Como esos inventarios nunca han sido revisados o validados mediante muestreos de peces, el conocimiento respecto de la riqueza y la estructura de los ensambles del RdlP resulta deficiente. Para ordenar y mejorar la información acerca de la riqueza y estructura de los ensambles de peces del área se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y un muestreo de campo para actualizar la composición de especies y determinar la estructura jerárquica del ensamble de peces. De las 206 especies colectadas de acuerdo a la bibliografía 48 se categorizaron como no reconfirmadas, 13 como ausentes, cinco como especies sinonimizadas, 29 como soportadas por la literatura, 107 como confirmadas, una exótica establecida y tres exóticas no establecidas. Los resultados sugieren que el ensamble de peces actualmente está compuesto por 141 especies, incluyendo cuatro nuevos registros. El análisis de los datos en número y en peso de los peces colectados mostró 5 especies dominantes, 22 frecuentes y 45 raras; y 16 dominantes, 11 frecuentes y 45 raras, respectivamente. Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser usados como línea de base para el monitoreo, manejo y conservación de las especies de peces neotropicales en su límite de distribución sur.

Abstract The present study reported the effect of natural and anthropic environmental variables on the fish assemblages in the pampean streams, in the coastal strip along the Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Five streams were sampled at 12 sites surrounded by land devoted to different uses. A correspondence analysis sorted the streams into two groups: a less impacted group formed by sites surrounded by livestock- raising pastures and a more impacted one passing through urban sites and including a stream adjacent to a modest rural urbanization with a dairy in the stream’s basin. The nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in the more impacted group; with species richness, diversity, abundance, and biomass being significantly lower. A canonical-correspondence analysis linked the more impacted sites to high concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and impoverished fish assemblages, composed of species tolerant to environmental pollution. On the other hand, sites with higher oxygen concentrations and pH were related to richer assemblages pointing to good environmental conditions at the sites surrounded by livestock-raising pastures. The downstream sites on the less impacted streams contained fish assemblages in which the juvenile stages of species corresponding to the Río de la Plata were dominant.

Abstract Abstract: Hypostomus commersoni Valenciennes 1836, Hypostomus cordovae (Günther 1880) and Hypostomus laplatae (Eigenmann 1907) have been little studied since their original descriptions. This study shows a comprehensive review of these species from the Lower La Plata Basin, including their taxonomic history, distribution, color patterns, morphology, and ecological and molecular phylogenetic data. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on D-loop sequences suggested that H. commersoni can be separated into two subclades, or subgroups. Based on these results and on the non-overlapping distribution range of the two subclades, we conclude that they represent two distinct species, thereby revalidating H. spiniger. The results also suggest that H. paranensis should be considered as species inquirenda and H. cordovae as valid species. This integrated approach provides key information for assessing the conservation status and biogeographic aspects of the genus Hypostomus in the Lower La Plata Basin.